SKU rationalization for MROs: When to stock, dropship, or discontinue parts

Maintaining a broad and diverse inventory is a significant asset for MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) operations in the aerospace industry. A comprehensive stock of repairable and expendable components, readily available for a specific aircraft type, provides a clear competitive edge. It ensures that airlines and other MRO providers can quickly source everything they need, minimizing downtime and maximizing operational efficiency.

However, the financial burden and logistical complexities of managing such an extensive inventory can become overwhelming. The MRO industry operates within a highly regulated environment, where every decision must align with stringent compliance requirements. This regulatory framework ensures safety and reliability, but it also adds complexity to inventory management.

Implementing a “SKU Diet”—a strategic approach to inventory rationalization—can significantly alleviate these challenges. This involves making informed decisions about which parts to stock, which to dropship, which to order on a just-in-time basis, and which to discontinue altogether. By carefully balancing these factors, MROs can optimize their inventory, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.

This article will explore a practical framework for implementing such a strategy. As we explore different approaches to inventory rationalization, it is crucial to consider compliance imperatives, ensuring that strategies adhere to industry standards.

Strategic stocking within the MRO Facility

Maintaining an on-site inventory of parts at your MRO facility often delivers the best customer experience. It minimizes lead times, provides maximum control over packaging and handling of sensitive components, and enables single-shipment deliveries when all required items are in stock. However, this approach carries the highest inventory risk.

Characteristics of parts suitable for stocking:

  • High demand: Parts with consistent, high-volume demand, such as frequently used consumables or fast-moving components, are ideal candidates for stocking.
  • Essential components: Parts frequently ordered together should be prioritized for stocking. This reduces the number of shipments and prevents order delays due to out-of-stock items, which is crucial for minimizing aircraft downtime.
    Feasibility: Expensive or bulky items are less suitable for stocking due to the associated costs and logistical challenges.
  • Sole sourcing or limited alternatives: When alternative sourcing options are limited or lead times from other suppliers are long, stocking becomes more strategically advantageous, especially for critical aircraft components.

Optimizing procurement through third-party platforms

One way to procure stock strategically is to use dedicated third-party platforms, such as ILSMart, to source products from a large network of suppliers. These platforms improve sourcing efficiency by providing features like inventory transparency, which allows distributors to identify available stock and reduce lead times, ensuring timely procurement of critical components. Additionally, they offer cost advantages through competitive pricing and streamlined purchasing processes, making them a valuable resource for MRO operations.

Moreover, third-party platforms often integrate advanced analytics and reporting tools that help distributors forecast demand and plan inventory levels more accurately. These tools can flag potential shortages or overstock issues in real time, enabling proactive adjustments to inventory strategies. The collaborative nature of these platforms also fosters stronger relationships with suppliers, as they provide shared access to crucial market data, improving trust and coordination across the supply chain.

By leveraging their efficiencies, MRO operations can better meet regulatory requirements while optimizing inventory management practices.

Utilizing just-in-time shipping

Just-in-time shipping, also known as ordering “as needed,” allows MROs to procure parts only when demand arises, eliminating the expense and risk associated with holding inventory. This method effectively cross-docks components from the supplier to the customer via your MRO facility’s receiving dock. It’s a viable option for parts that need to be in the catalog but carry disproportionate risks or costs when stocking.

Comparing just-in-time and dropshipping:

  • Availability: Just-in-time provides greater flexibility than dropshipping. Assuming backorders are permitted, MROs can consistently offer parts, even if they aren’t physically in stock.
  • Lead times: Just-in-time generally has longer lead times compared to dropshipping, as parts must first arrive at your facility before being shipped to the customer. Both options, however, are slower than having parts readily available in stock. Imported items, with their inherent lead time challenges, are often unsuitable for just-in-time fulfillment, especially considering the critical nature of aircraft turnaround times.
  • Cost implications: Just-in-time increases labor costs at your MRO facility due to the added receiving process for each sale. Similar to dropshipping, freight costs are higher due to both inbound and outbound shipping.

Leveraging dropshipping for MROs

Dropshipping, where a supplier directly fulfills orders to your MRO customers, eliminates the need for you to hold inventory. This model reduces carrying costs and mitigates the risk of excess stock, but it’s not without its drawbacks. Dropshipping is not common in the MRO industry, and several factors must be considered before integrating dropshipping into their operations.

Key considerations for dropshipping:

  • Supplier capabilities: Does the supplier have the infrastructure to ship directly to your MRO customers? Many international suppliers do not offer dropshipping, and even when they do, the logistics can be impractical, especially given the time-sensitive nature of MRO operations. Further, since the MRO emphasizes stringent quality control, regulatory compliance, and traceability, suppliers need to be carefully vetted.
  • Delivery performance: How does the supplier’s delivery speed compare to shipping from your MRO facility? Extended processing times or subpar packaging for sensitive aerospace components can negate the benefits of dropshipping.
  • Cost analysis: Dropshipping can lead to multiple shipments for a single order, increasing freight costs and potentially delaying delivery. Factor in any dropshipping fees charged by the supplier to assess the true cost.
    Component characteristics: High-value or bulky aircraft components may be well-suited for dropshipping, as storing them incurs significant costs. MROs can also consider non-critical components for dropshipping.
  • Demand fluctuations: Low-demand items often benefit from dropshipping. Stocking these items can lead to poor inventory turnover, lower service levels, and an increased risk of obsolescence.

Discontinuation: Removing parts from your offering

Sometimes, despite seemingly healthy profit margins, carrying a specific part becomes unsustainable for an MRO. The fully loaded costs, including handling, storage, and potential obsolescence, can outweigh the perceived benefits. In such cases, discontinuation becomes the most economically sound decision.

Identifying candidates for discontinuation:

  • Functional equivalents: If your MRO offers alternative parts that serve the same purpose within a specific aircraft system, continuing to offer a redundant item becomes less justifiable.
  • Declining demand: Parts with minimal sales history or a downward demand trend, especially if demand is sporadic (increasing the risk of overstocking), should be considered for discontinuation.
  • Low margins: Low-margin items are difficult to sell profitably, particularly when coupled with other factors on this list. The costs associated with carrying these items can quickly erode any potential profit.
  • High holding costs: Expensive, bulky, or hazardous aviation items are costly to manage and store, making them strong candidates for discontinuation.
  • Extended lead times: Long lead times amplify the impact of forecasting errors, as purchasing decisions must account for extended periods. Given the unsuitability of dropshipping and just-in-time for such items, discontinuation often becomes the most viable option.
  • High MOQs: Items with high minimum order quantities or buying multiples carry the risk of obsolescence and increased stocking costs. If you’re required to purchase many months, maybe even years, of demand at a time and the vendor won’t reduce these requirements, those are good candidates to discard due to excess risk.

Case study: Streamlining SKU management

Hydrian partnered with a $150 million aftermarket and OEM parts distributor in 2022, implementing a comprehensive SKU rationalization program (a “SKU Diet”) specifically tailored to their business. By collaboratively establishing clear parameters for classifying their existing catalog, the following results were achieved within a year:

  • Reduced stocking SKUs: Active stocking SKUs were reduced from 14,500 to 8,250, freeing up valuable warehouse space and capital.
  • Stable dropshipping program: The number of dropshipped products remained consistent at around 9,000, with approximately 2,000 items removed and 2,000 new items added, reflecting dynamic market demands.
  • Increased just-in-time inventory: Just-in-time products increased from 4,500 to 5,500, demonstrating a strategic shift towards demand-driven procurement.
  • Discontinued products: Over 4,000 products were discontinued, eliminating the burden of managing slow-moving and obsolete inventory.
  • Improved fill rates: Fill rates increased significantly from 86% to 94%, enhancing customer satisfaction.
  • Increased inventory turns: Inventory turnover improved from 3.3 to 5.5, indicating greater efficiency in inventory management.
  • Enhanced profitability: Gross profit increased from 34% to 36%, directly impacting the bottom line.
  • Revenue growth: Overall revenue increased by 8%, demonstrating the positive impact of optimized inventory management on business performance.

Conclusion

Effective inventory management is paramount for MRO businesses seeking to enhance efficiency and profitability. By strategically determining which items to stock, dropship, order just-in-time, or discontinue, MRO operations can significantly reduce costs, streamline processes, and improve customer satisfaction.

Given the global nature of the aerospace industry, it is subject to geopolitical disruptions that can significantly impact supply chain stability. These challenges necessitate robust contingency planning and diversification of supplier networks to mitigate risks. Additionally, the industry’s focus on environmental impact has brought sustainability to the forefront, emphasizing the importance of reducing waste and adopting greener practices in inventory management and operations.

Implementing a “SKU Diet” ensures that your inventory aligns with market demand and business objectives. Consider partnering with a specialized firm like Hydrian for expert guidance. We help MRO distributors optimize their inventory and achieve substantial returns on investment. Contact us today to explore how we can assist your MRO operations.

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